Monday, October 5, 2015

The daily warfare women and children in Sri Lanka face in their homes and communities

The names of Vidhya Sivaloganathan, Seya Sadewmini and Kesara Kahandaliyanage have made the headlines in Sri Lanka for the wrong and tragic reasons. All three of these people and countless other women, men and children have been victims of violence of the vilest kind, sexual violence leading to physical, emotional violence and even death. This violence is also referred to as gender based violence (GBV). This violence robbed Vidhya and Seya of their childhood and lives. Their lives and experiences have finally forced Sri Lankans to talk about GBV and how it must end.

The issue of GBV is not an issue from the western world as we can see very much for ourselves. Our South Asian culture has done well to cover up this shameful secret and epidemic of our time. It is very much a global issue. As Prof Rashida Manjoo, the Former UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences stated recently, that if the rates of GBV, especially violence against women and girls were counted properly GBV should be referred to a “warfare that women and girls experience in their homes and communities on a daily basis”.

GBV is a result of societies viewing women and girls as unequal beings in their communities. It is a violent expression of power expressed mainly by men as the system of patriarchy supports and allows their continued  use of harmful attitudes, beliefs and practices towards women and girls. 

GBV and consequences in Sri Lanka
As a snapshot of the issue in Sri Lanka, a report[1] which sought to capture prevalance rates of violence against women and girls reflected that 14% of men in its sample from four districts in Sri Lanka had admitted to perpetrating sexual violence including rape. Over half of the men who admitted to perpetrating sexual violence including rape stated they felt sexually entitled to do this. Alarmingly 1/3rd of the men that had perpetrated acts of sexual violence including rape against women said that they had been teenagers at the time they committed their first rape. Over half the sample stated that their first perpetration of rape was when they were within the ages 20-29, the time when most men enter marriage. Disturbingly almost all the men in these four districts had faced no legal consequences for perpetrating rape, which shows the very high levels of impunity that exist in Sri Lanka.

Women and children become more vulnerable to GBV as our courts grant suspended sentences to the perpetrators of statutory rape, our legal system does not recognize marital rape and law enforcement officials do not see this violence as “grievous hurt” as it would be viewed in other circumstances under the Penal Code. There are also context specific layers which increase the vulnerability of women and girls such as female headed households and heavy military presence experienced in the North, Plantation settings which include poor living conditions, sanitation and propagation of cultural traditions; and internal and external migration of female unskilled workers who have little protection when they are removed from their homes and communities for employment.

Kesara’s case has also shown how our legal system is not ready to deal with sexual violence perpetrated against a man as well as a person who is disabled. His perpetrators were given bail despite the fact that he was raped repeatedly over a period of four months. Is the judge’s order a reflection of his own belief that men who experience sexual violence are not worthy of equal protection of the law ?

What needs to be done?
While the government, legislators, health service providers and civil society have a big task ahead of them to facilitate an environment of zero tolerance of GBV and provide an adequate legal and psychosocial response, each individual has an important role to play too. As the Sinhala saying goes “when you point an accusing finger to another, your three remaining fingers point towards you”. Each person needs to reflect on their own beliefs on whether they do believe that women, girls, children and people with disabilities should be treated equally. Each person must check  whether they harbor harmful and violent attitudes towards these groups and whether they call out on their own friends, sons or colleagues who act on their own harmful attitudes and behaviors. Each one of us individually needs  to take responsibility for this issue if we want to end GBV in Sri Lanka.


[1] de Mel, N., P. Peiris and S. Gomez (2013). Broadening Gender: Why Masculinities Matter—Attitudes, Practices and Gender-Based Violence in Four Districts in Sri Lanka. Colombo: CARE Sri Lanka

Monday, September 28, 2015

Why I am against the death penalty

I have been reading so  many articles for and against the death penalty being re-activated in Sri Lanka. I have also come across people who think that those who are against it may be out of their minds.  For the life of me I cannot see why a person who is against sentencing people to death can be out of their minds.

The conversation and debate around re-introducing the death penalty has been triggered by the terrible rape and murder of a 5 year old child, Seya Sadewmini.  I am shocked by the brutal way her life was taken away from her. Though I have read about thousands of atrocities committed towards humans, women, men and children especially in the area of gender based violence, I can never prepare myself for the sadness and disgust that I feel when I read about stories like hers.

My question though is, how does taking the life of an alleged perpetrator change that? How does it reduce the possibility of this happening to another child? It is still a moot point whether the death penalty has any significant impact on reducing crime.

Actually let me correct what I was trying to ask. My biggest question is how do we as humans or as Buddhists (as Sri Lanka is supposedly a Buddhist country) cry out for another person’s death? Hasn’t our country seen enough dehumanization? We had the LTTE who killed people in the vilest ways, we had our own government at varying stages allowing the massacre of Tamils in 1983, massacring youth from the South as well as thousands of Tamils trapped in the No Fire Zone during the last stages of the war. We also had the JVP who took the lives of thousands without a shred of conscience in the 90’s. And then we had the Budu Bala Sena riot in Aluthgama leading to the taking of lives of four innocent people. These are instances I have heard about in Sri Lanka during my lifetime on this planet.

Hasn’t our country seen enough dehumanization? Shouldn’t it stop with our generation?

A few years ago I was chilled to the bone when I saw  Nicholas Kristoff interviewing an 8 year old Buddhist child in Myanmar. He asked him what he would do if he saw another Rohingya child his age. Without any hesitation the child said, “I will kill him”. I thought to myself as I saw that video, what have we done to our children for them to feel so much hate that taking another child’s life means nothing.

Is this the legacy we wish to leave for the next generation? For them to see killing as a way of dealing with anything ranging from ethnicity, religion to crimes committed by others?

Don’t we just become as inhuman as those who commit these terrible acts against other humans?

The answer to reducing such crimes against women, children, transgendered people and men starts with each individual as well as in all pathways leading to the criminal system.
We are all to blame for not only Seya’s death, but Vidhya’s, Jerusha’s[i] and many others. How many of us instead of holding the men who committed these crimes accountable, question first of “what these girls or children were wearing” or “why were they traveling alone” or “how could a parent or guardian allow a child to travel along that road alone?”.  If Vidhya had been wearing a short skirt instead of a school uniform would the public have reacted differently?  How many of us have seen our male friends talk about women as sexual objects or worse still join in with their eve teasing or other harmful behaviours without stopping them or questioning them? How many of you men and young people have sat comfortably in your seats and “liked” or “retweeted”  posts on such violence or just signed petitions and felt good about yourself without in so much as joining us on the streets when we protest or committing to constructively ending GBV? I have encountered a few men who do support our protests against GBV but feel a little awkward if their colleagues or peers would get to know about it. How many of us have called men who do stand up actively to end GBV “wimps” or “not manly”?.  It is only in the past few months we have seen members of the public, other than GBV activists coming forward openly against these atrocities.

A recent study conducted in Sri Lanka showed that almost all men who perpetrate rape face absolutely no consequences, either from their families, friends or the legal system[ii]. Instead of holding rapists accountable we lament about how a girl or woman’s honor has been violated! We shame the victim or survivor! Seya or Vidhya never “asked for it”! We have seen the statistics which state that so many children face sexual abuse on a daily basis and the perpetrators are either family members or people known to them. We need to empower children to be able to speak out when they feel something wrong is going on in their worlds. Instead what we do is discredit them and tell them that “that person would NEVER do something like that!”. If it is a boy we tell them “to be a man” or “don’t take this seriously as we also went through the same thing” so they will not complain or stand up for themselves.

WE INDIVIDUALLY  AND IMPLICITLY SUPPORT GBV.

This court system we are hoping will be able to sentence the right men to death have released so many alleged perpetrators either through suspended sentences or acquittals, especially in cases of statutory rape (in instances of forced sex with a minor). In Kesara’s case the judge gave bail to four men who raped a disabled person repeatedly over a period of four months at Green Cabin.  In Saranya’s case no DNA testing was done despite her body being exhumed. In Jerusha’s case we found the Kilinochchi police using unspeakable amounts of violence on her mother and family. Transgendered people or homosexuals have experienced very high levels of violence at the hands of the police as they use the archaic criminalization of homosexuality in our laws to intimidate and exploit them[iii]. If Marital rape was illegal in Sri Lanka there would be many husbands facing the gallows! These are the many shortcomings in our judicial process. These are also the same institutions and law enforcement agencies we are hoping will enforce fair judgement on other people. Our state and judicial apparatus has a lot of reviewing to do of it’s own processes before they sound the death knell on others.

What our country needs is an attitude of zero tolerance towards violence. And after an honest reflection and change of harmful attitudes you hold,  a practice  of calling out people who perpetrate violence and hold them accountable, not the baying for another person’s blood. We also need to get actively involved in ensuring our current systems leave no loopholes for offenders.

The human conscience is a sacred thing. Tainting it is easy-trying to keep it pure is the greatest challenge of our human race. But keeping it that way will only help out collective consciousness and the human race. Taking another person’s life or even harming it will never bring those lives back. If at all it will de-humanize you. Shall we actually try to be Buddhists instead of raising that identity when a person wears clothes with the image of Lord Buddha on them? Shall we actually practice what he preached and break this cycle of violence?

Hasn’t our country seen enough dehumanization? Shouldn’t it stop with our generation?




[ii] de Mel, N., P. Peiris and S. Gomez (2013). Broadening Gender: Why Masculinities Matter—Attitudes,
Practices and Gender-Based Violence in Four Districts in Sri Lanka. Colombo: CARE Sri Lanka
[iii]Nichols, A, (2010) Dance Ponnaya, Dance! Police Abuses Against Transgender Sex Workers in Sri Lanka, Feminist Criminology,  5(2), 195-222.  Can be accessed: http://fcx.sagepub.com/content/5/2/195.abstract

Sunday, November 16, 2014

The legacy of parents

In 1967 two people take a brave step to go to a foreign country with their only belongings in a suitcase. To a place they had only read and learned about through newspapers, books and stories of friends who had ventured to England. They left their families, friends and the only security they knew behind. They left at a time when phone calls overseas could only be made via call collect. When telegrams, not text messages were the ways they received news. They left thinking of the future of their unborn children. 

This is what parents do....

Those two brave people were my parents. I am a product of their belief and trust in the unknown. They are like many parents who take huge risks for their children, born or unborn.  For time immemorial parents have left their homes with just the clothes on their backs and their life savings in their bags for the hope of securing a better future and life than what they experienced, for their children. I see this phenomena interwoven in many lives of my peers around me in USA and perhaps in our own choices we are creating more opportunities for generations yet to come.

Because of  their choices I can speak and converse easily in English. Because of their choices I have had opportunities to access the best educational institutes. Because of their choices I can access a vast range of  resources and people. Because of their choices I have lived a privileged life. Because of their choices I have no fear of venturing into unknown places.

I hope the choices I have made have honoured theirs...

Amma and Dad boarding the plane in 1967 for England



(Inspired by a session of the "Call to men workshop" on 3rd Nov. Central Park, 3rd Nov, 2014)


Sunday, November 9, 2014

Fear

Fear of loneliness?
Fear of death?
Fear of getting lost and not being found?
A fear so overpowering I want to turn back
I break into a  cold sweat
A part of me wants to cry
My heart thumps

Why?
Why should I feel so scared when I am in my natural habitat?
Among the trees, earth, air from which I came?
Why can’t I be vulnerable?
Why do I need to be in places where I feel safe?
Why am I afraid to surrender?

I decide to give in  to what is meant to be
I decide to look into fear’s eyes squarely
And shed that heavy black cloak that was pulling me down, almost to my knees,
making it so difficult to breathe,
And I feel free instead
I feel protected and am ready to face what is meant to be

I realised it was me who  was holding onto the black cloak
I could not look into fear’s eyes. They were not there, they were reflections of my own

(Blue Mountains, NY, Aug '14)

Stillness

It is that moment a deer locks her beautiful liquid eyes with yours

When you sit on a rock and gaze out towards the full and flowing Hudson river with mountains in the background

Standing still in a forest and being there...in that moment
Hearing the birds chirping their song,
listening to their music

Naked
What stands here is just me, in this present moment

When you let go of your “self”, your ego. And you are at one with nature. All boundaries are erased

Superficial human boundaries defined by clothes, where we’re from, are removed

Ultimately when you are at one with nature you are who you’re meant to be

A being passing through
Who is supposed to “see” the wonder of what is around them
To breathe it, feel it, feel the balance of nature
Untouched by humans
Virgin and pure

I found it difficult
I kept thinking of conversations with friends,
Conversations I hope will occur
Conversations with myself
There was so much chatter that it was taking too long to get to that place of “silence” and “stillness”
To be here, now, this very moment which will ever be mine again

I need to see the sandy bottom beyond the still and pure water
soon
(Blue Mountain, NY, Aug, '14)

The Goddess

She raises her head
Alert, ears flicking forward
Nostrils flaring
Her delicate eyes seemingly filled with black ink, look concerned, outlined with kajal like a fish
Her, long  and elegant neck tenses. It is strong, light brown, smooth with the clear vein running almost diagonally across
An innocence so pure
So gentle and delicate
But intertwined with unspoken strength and elegance
She is regal


My breath catches in my throat
I don’t want to move as I am enraptured by her beauty
I want to reach out and stroke the length of her strong neck, she stands that close to me
..almost hoping her strength could be transferred to me
But it is as  if I am turned into stone
I don’t want to intrude on this moment by breathing


I am humbled
I feel my heart weeping with gratitude for this incredible moment

(Blue Mountain, NY, Aug, '14)

My father, my inspiration – a tribute

He was late again.  It was 9.30 in the night but work finished at 6.00 p.m.  He had brought home the monthly groceries, using it as an excuse for getting late.  Practically everyone knew about his “other woman”, but then it was normal in the circumstances, he was human after all wasn’t he?   The usual response came from his wife, “why did you bring this? I asked you to bring sugar instead.”  This was just the start, it would begin with her accusing him of bringing home the wrong things to “you ruined my life”.  I knew how deal with the constant nagging, just concentrate on something else, read a book, lock myself in my room and listen to the radio, it usually worked.  But then again it was not directed towards me, but to the only person I loved, my father.

Their’s had been a happy marriage until I was born.  First it had been what they called “post natal depression” which was supposed to cure naturally after a few months. But even after a year she was still shouting, screaming, throwing things around, beating us and blaming dad for everything.  He was devastated and refused to accept what fate had thrust upon him, always hoping that that “other good doctor” would be able to cure her.  Somehow through it all, he never let the torment show, hiding it behind his twinkling eyes and infectious smile.  He took it as another challenge in his life, as were the many others he had encountered before, and shouldered the responsibility of a growing child and mentally ill wife without a grumble.

Tonight he looked tired, sweaty and his usually mischievous face looked preoccupied and wrinkled.  He wasn’t even paying attention to my class science project I was trying to explain to him, which was something very unlike him.  I felt irritated, but I soon forgot the difference in him as we were laughing our sides out while watching the nature program on T.V.  You see he had this flair of being able to bring every character on the screen closer to you by creating a story encircling that animal’s or person’s life, even that Baboon’s that yawned lazily into the camera. 

It was my father who introduced me into that limitless world of nature by arousing my curiosity by questioning the purpose, existence or habits  of an animal.  Every animal that entered our garden had a name and a story behind it.  I could never recollect a day that he left for work without playing a game of hide-and-seek with our cat.

As the story goes, my father had wanted a son as all chauvinistic fathers did, so when I came around, being one belonging to the fairer sex, he had stormed out of the labour room.  As time went by however, I was to fill the role of a son he never had.  When my friend’s were busy playing with Barbie dolls, I was climbing trees and doing the gardening.  I was never forced to do these things but I always preferred his company to my mother’s.  There would be countless hours of bird watching and when Hayley’s comet visited earth on it’s 76 year cycle, guess who were roaming the streets late in the night and in the wee hours in the  morning trying to get a glimpse of it?

But now, as I had entered my early teens, our relationship had turned into something different.  I didn’t want to be “daddy’s little girl” anymore.  I wanted something different from the idolatory concept I had of my father, I wanted to be his best friend, I wanted to be able to tell him anything that was on my mind.  I discovered that the feeling was mutual.

Our trips to the temple for worship soon became voyages of discovery of each other. We would express our hopes and fears, reflect on our lives and discuss how we wanted our lives to be.  But there was one thing we had learned to face, we had long given up on the hope that my mother would be “normal” and become the Amma I had always wanted, or more importantly for dad, the woman he once knew and had fallen in love with.

It was only now that I was beginning to see who my father really was. The person behind that eternal and contagious smile.


One day I came across him going through some old photographs. He caught me watching him and he beckoned me to sit next to him while he explained each photo to me.  The one that intrigued me the most was a group photo of my father looking in his teens, with a group of old men.  “Dad, what are you doing here with all these old men?” I asked.  He took the snap from my hands and looked at it with a reminiscent smile playing on his lips: “well, as you know my father died when I was sixteen years old, so in order to help my mother with the finances at home, I decided to work as an English teacher.  I was the youngest person on my staff, you know” he added “ I had to cycle seven miles everyday to go for work.” I suddenly felt extremely pampered.


I looked again at that young boy, smiling back at me in the picture.  My father hadn’t changed that much.  He still had the same square face with those eyes accompanied by long eyelashes, he was tall and slightly on the dark side.  Even now I still had a problem taking him to school fairs with me because the teachers would shamelessly stare at him.  Even when I was about five years old, I felt that he was the most handsome man I had ever seen and I used to promise myself that I would marry him, I even told him so myself!


My father had been the youngest of eight children and who had to suffer the most when his father died when he was just sixteen years old and his mother two years later.  Life had been extremely difficult for the family but since he was the youngest his brothers and sisters had tried to fill the void of his parents, however my father had decided to accept his responsibilities.  As one who believed strongly in the merits of education, he took every opportunity to learn whatever, whenever possible.  It was this sheer determination that was to earn him a post in England in the Sri Lankan High Commission seventeen years later. 

Browsing through a box of his old books, I discovered that my father had studied a bit of everything, from English literature to History, Mathematics and from Economics to Law. However never had he completed the full course in any of the subjects.  Searching for an explanation I asked him why?  He simply answered   without a tinge of regret “well I am a Jack of all trades but a master of none.  The funniest thing is that I decided to make my profession of a subject I had studied least of all, Accountancy!”

Out of the moments I spent with my father, those I cherished most were the ones of playing the board game, Scrabble with him.  It became a real “Dad and me” thing, where my main aim would be to beat him at the game one day, at least by one point. We would play the game nearly everyday of my holidays and if he would ever refuse my offer to play, I would create a pathetic picture by playing solitaire Scrabble, which I knew would invariably pull at his heart strings!  He would finally succumb to my forlorn and soulful eyes turned upon him and play with me.  Well somehow, this being my fourteenth year of existence, I managed to beat him.  The fruits of my victory were so sweet as I had FINALLY earned my moment of self satisfaction.  But very soon, I felt guilty of beating my father.  However I never beat him at the game again.  It was always a series of him challenging words that I had obviously created out of sheer desperation, but 90 percent of these words never failed me, by appearing boldly in two voluminous Compact Oxford Dictionaries which my father would have cursed the creation of.  I still remember my father in exasperation creating a new rule stating that words found only in the Pocket Oxford Dictionary could be used for the game.

Tonight my mother picked up another argument with him, while we were enjoying “Life on Earth”. She threw a glass of water at him.  I had advised dad on how to deal with the daily nagging.. just simply ignore it. Tonight for the first time in my life I heard my father complain, he told me  “I just can’t take this anymore”. The words wrenched at my heart and I just wanted to cry and give him a big hug.  Suddenly it all seemed so unfair, as I asked myself “Why my father, why my mother, why me?

Throughout the rest of the night my father was acting contrary to his normal self.  He said he was having a bad headache and he was finding it slightly difficult to move his left arm.

By morning I had forgotten about his ailment and I concentrated on the science exhibition that was being held in school.


***

My class won the science exhibition in the middle school category and grade.  As I looked out of the window I felt as though I was on the top of the world.   Standing outside the window I saw my cousin staring at me which somehow gave me a cold premonition and made my skin prickle.  I didn’t even want to go to him and ask him as to why he was there, but I had to.  Even before he spoke I knew it had to have something to do about dad.  “Mami’s in hospital and I think that you should get there quickly.”  You couldn’t miss the urgency in his voice.  Like me he was another who adored my father.  It was difficult not to.

Fifteen minutes later I was at his bedside looking at his form disbelievingly. This could not be my father.  He was lying on a bed in a ward with just a sheet covering his body.  He looked lifeless.  I had never seen him in a hospital.  The only other time I had seen him really sick was two years ago when he was suffering from Malaria and shivering uncontrollably.  Even then he had insisted on going to see the doctor only with me.  I remember feeling proud, knowing that he had put himself in my care, I had finally realized how much he depended on my companionship.  But today it was like living a nightmare.  A tube connected to a strange contraption had been fed through his mouth, which I overheard the nurses saying was to pump the blood out of his stomach.  He had suffered a massive stroke, which left his whole left side paralysed.  His doctor had warned him about it, my father had only just connected the symptoms of his headache and the lifelessness in his left arm to a possibility of a stroke this morning and made an appointment with his specialist.  However he had been too late.  He had lapsed into a coma and as the doctor opened his left eyelid, I didn’t want to believe what I saw.  His retina had turned white.  I tried to convince myself that it would return to its normal colour.  The nurses and doctors began to prod and examine him as though he were some sort of specimen in a lab.  I wanted to scream at dad to tell him to wake up and stop being sick.  I wanted to give him a hug and tell him how much I loved him.

The doctors decided that he should be removed to the neurology unit for an operation. A metal trolley with blood stains was brought to transport him there.  The attendants would have just dumped him on it, him being just another one of the hundred patients they had to deal with for a day, had it not been for my indignant instructions telling them how to handle him properly.  It was night time now and the unit had no spare beds.  It was at this time that the nurses firmly told my mother and myself to go home and return the next morning with some soup.  I wanted to stay back, but I was not allowed to do so as I was too small and a girl, my cousin remained with him instead.  I stroked his hair and gave him a kiss.  As I walked away, I turned back and took the last glance I was to have of him alive….he was lying on that metal trolley with a white piece of cloth covering his body, a picture that will be carved in my mind forever.


As I went home I tried to take over dad’s role and not panic because I knew that he wouldn’t have had wanted me to.  That was one of the longest nights of my life.  I felt so empty as I tossed and turned in my bed as I had not been able to worship him before I went to bed, a habit I never missed. 

While I slept I felt as though my heart was beating at the rhythm of my father’s.  At one time my pulse raced and reached a crescendo and at around 11:20 p.m. I felt calm and somehow I knew that he was at peace.

Just after midnight my cousin returned home.  Something was wrong, he couldn’t even look at me.  He said nothing but suddenly I realized that he didn’t need to say anything.  His silence said the most powerful and saddest words I had ever heard.  I knew that my father had died.  I later found out at around 11:20 p.m.

My first reaction was of anger, anger that the person who had given me so much in my life had died on a bloodstained metal trolley with only a piece of cloth covering him.  I felt cheated that I hadn’t been able to give him even a fraction of what he had given me.

***

As I watched the smoke rising from my father’s pyre spiraling up into the boundless, clear blue sky two thoughts comforted me.  One was that he hadn’t suffered in his time of death and that he had finally found peace for himself and was therefore free.  I knew for certain that all his kindness and love he had showered throughout his life and his self sacrifice would be repaid in his next life as good Karma.  Secondly, I realized that I had always been there for him and given him more than I had vouched for in the form of my love and companionship.


***



Ten years have passed since his death and we have organized a sermon for his death anniversary.  As I listen to the monk trying to describe a man he hardly knew, I know that even had a hundred monks preached a hundred sermons describing him, no one would be able to personify my father’s being.

Had my father lived, he would have been sixty six years old now.  I am twenty four, a grown woman and doing relatively well as a lawyer.

I look back now, trying to figure out what was the greatest thing that he gave me.  I have sometimes thought that maybe it was the gift of learning to love mother nature and her kingdom of animals, learning to accept responsibility and never shirk from it as he had done with my mother, the capability to appreciate the small things in life, or to respect other people’s feelings.  But I realize that the greatest gift he gave me was his life itself and ironically even through his death he inspired me, for during the times I gave up all hope, as I experienced the many hardships in my life, two pictures would always flash through my mind.  One of my father cycling seven miles a day for work, the second, the snap of him, barely sixteen years of age, smiling back at me, standing amongst “those old men…..”

(1997)

Post script:
I submitted this for a short story competition conducted by the English Writers' Co-operative of Sri Lanka. Even though it didn't win anything it was highly commended and published in their journal called "Channels" . This is a link to the online version of the journal:http://www.ewcchannels.com/2011/10/with-love.html